The Complete Beginner’s Guide to Terminal/Command Prompt

The station (on Mac/Linux) or command instrument (on Windows) is a powerful tool that allows you to interact with your computer using text orders instead of clicking through a graphic interface. Although it may seem frightening at first, mastering the basic peripheral orders can help you:

• Transfer through files and folders more efficiently
• Performing incomplete tasks through the regular interface
• Automation of repeated tasks
• Get a deeper understanding of how your computer works

This guide will provide you with the basic orders and concepts to start, regardless of the operating system you use.

Start

Open the station

On Windows:

• Click Win + R, Type CMD and Press Enter
• Or I am looking for a “command wave” in the beginning list

On Mac:

• Click Command + Space to open the lights, write “Terminal”, and press Enter
• Or search for a station in applications → Facilities → Station

Linux:

• Click CTRL + Alt + T (on most distributions)
• Or search for “Terminal” in your application list

Understand the claim

When the station opens for the first time, you will see a claim that looks like this:

• Windows: C: \ User \ Yourusername>
• Mac/Linux: Username@computer: ~ $

This tells you:

• Your current site in the file system
• Where do you write your orders?
• On Mac/Linux, the symbol ~ your home guide is represented

Basic mobility orders

View your current site

Windows: Disk

Mac/Linux: PWD (printing guide)

example:

Insert files and evidence

Windows: monastery

Mac/Linux: LS

example:

Options:

• LS -l -List with detailed information (file size, date modification, permissions)
• LS -A -Show hidden files (files that start with a point)
• LS -La -Combining both options

Changing evidence

All platforms: CD Directoryname

Examples:

Establish evidence

All platforms: Mkdir directoryname

example:

Create files

Windows: Write NUL> Filename.txt

Mac/Linux: Filename.txt

example:

Work with files

View file contents

Windows: Write the name Filename.txt

Mac/Linux: Cat filename.txt

For the largest files:

Windows: More filename.txt

Mac/Linux: Less file

Copy files

Windows: Copy a source destination

Mac/Linux: CP source destination

example:

Transfer/rename files

Windows: Transfer the source of the source

Mac/Linux: MV source destination

Examples:

Delete files and evidence

Windows:

Mac/Linux:

⚠ Warning: Be very careful with deletion orders, especially RM -r! There is no “recycling basket” or “garbage” when using the station – permanent deletion.

Useful tips

Date of leadership

• Click the arrow up to rotate through the previously used orders
• On Mac/Linux, write the record to see a list of modern orders

Complete the tab

• Start writing a file or guide name, then press the tab
• The station will try to complete it
• If there are multiple options, click TAB twice to see all possibilities

Get help

Windows: Help or command /?

Mac/Linux: Lead the man (manual pages, press Q out)

Examples:

Screen cleansing

Windows: CLS

Mac/Linux: Obvious or ctrl+L

Energy user orders

Find files

Windows: file name

Mac/Linux: He finds. file name

Inside the files

Windows: Search for the “text” file name

Mac/Linux: Grep file name

Sequence orders

All platforms: Use && to run orders in the sequence

example:

Restore directing

All platforms: Use> to send the output to a file

example:

The following steps

When you become more comfortable with these basic orders, you may want to explore:

1. Order of command line, such as Nano, VIM, or EMACS
2. Writing simple shell texts to automate tasks
3. Packages like APT (Linux), HomeBrew (Mac) or Chocolayy (Windows)
4. Environmental variables and how to adjust them
5. SSH to connect computers remote

Common errors, exploring and repairing errors

1. The matter is not found: Check the spelling or make sure it is available on your system
2. permission denied: You may need the officials’ privileges/root
   • Windows: Run the orders as an official
   • Mac/Linux: Use subo before orders that need high privileges
3. No such file or directory: Check the path and names of files
4. The process is not allowed: Like the rejected permission, you may need special permissions

Tasks	Windows	Mac/Linux
The current site	Disk	Those with a large number of people
File menu	monastery	LS
Change the guide	Disk	Disk
Create a guide	MKDIR Deir	MKDIR Deir
Create a file	Write NUL> File	Touch file
Copy file	Copy a source destination	CP source destination
Transfer/rename	Transfer the source of the source	MV source destination
Delete the file	Del file	RM file
Delete the guide	RMDIR /S DIR	RM -r monastery
A clear screen	CLS	clear
Get help	help	Leading the man

conclusion

In this tutorial, we have covered everything that beginners need to know about using the station. We discovered how to open the station through various operating systems, mobility in file systems, create and manage files and evidence, and use basic orders. We have also learned useful shortcuts, power user orders, and tips for exploring errors. With these foundational skills, you can now use the command line with confidence as a strong tool for your computing trip.

Remember that the station is a powerful tool that is equivalent to practice and experimentation. Don’t be afraid to try new orders, but always be careful with orders that adjust or delete files.

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