Rwanda, Congo Sign Peace Deal Ending 30 Years of War

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‘turning point’

Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have signed a historic peace agreement aimed at Friday, aiming to end their devastating struggle for decades.

“This is an important moment after 30 years of war.” Since the fighting erupted for the first time in the 1990s, nearly 6 million people and 7 million displaced people have been killed.

The fighting began for the first time after the end of the Rwandan genocide in 1994, when the Huto extremists fled to the Congo neighboring to continue their attacks on Tutsi in Rwanda. Such attacks ultimately led to the first and second wars of Congo, during which the Congolese forces accused the Rwandan fighters of targeting the Huho civilians and looting profitable resources in the Congo.

Today, Kinshasa, as well as the United Nations and Western authorities are accused Kigali of supporting a rebel group of this: M23. M23 confirms that he is defending the rights of Congolese Tutsi, but many experts point out that the organization is a front for Rwanda’s regional aspirations and the largest resources in Rwanda. Kigali sent thousands of forces over the border to the Eastern Congo to support the M23; However, Kigali insists that the forces are not present to support the M23, but rather operate in self -defense against the Congolese forces and the Hugo Ethnic militia fighters.

The years of fighting led to what the United Nations called “one of the reassured, complicated, and dangerous humanitarian crises on the ground”, as the consistent war created a vacuum for power in the Eastern Congo, which some fear will stimulate a greater regional war. Violence escalated in January, when the M23 launched a new attack, seized the strategic cities in Goma and then Bocafo later in an attempt to march in the Congolese capital in Kinshasa.

Previous peace efforts have largely failed. The African Union and Qatar led peace talks to a little success. The European Union cut military aid to Rwanda in February to try to force Kigali to suppress its support for the M23, and in that month, the United States also imposed comprehensive sanctions on the main Rwandan army officials.

“Until the international community recognizes chaos in the Congo in the Congo, the violence and the human suffering it launched, the permanent peace will remain far forever – not only in the Congo, but also in Central Africa,” Foreign policy at that time.

On Friday, the deal aims to change this. Under the agreement, the two countries undertake to implement the 2024 deal that will witness Rwanda withdrawing its forces from the Eastern Congo within 90 days, according to Reuters, as well as launching a regional economic integration framework within 90 days and a joint security coordination mechanism within 30 days. The Congolese military measures against the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, an armed group based in Congo that includes the remains of the former Rwanda army and the militias that carried out the genocide of 1994, will also end within 90 days.

The deal also enables American companies and American companies to reach critical minerals in the Congo while Washington and Beijing competed to influence Africa. In the Congo, there is one of the largest COUTAN and Cobalt reserves in the world and contains wide tanks of gold, tantalum, tin, and tingstin – all necessary to manufacture technology.

However, some are concerned that the deal is very few, very late. “Some wounds will heal, but they will never disappear,” warned the Congolese Foreign Minister Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner on Friday. “Those who have suffered most. They expect to respect this agreement, and we cannot fail.”

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What we are following

Trump’s legal victory. On Friday, the US Supreme Court issued a ruler that restricts federal judges’ capabilities to issue judicial orders at the country that prevents US President Donald Trump, which achieved a great victory for the White House. Resolution 6-3 paves the way for Trump to move forward in efforts to reduce the nationality of births, although the legal challenges are expected to continue.

Prosecutors have argued that Trump’s executive order on birth in the field of birth violates the fourteenth amendment of the United States constitution, which says that all people born or manived in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction of it, are citizens of the United States and the state where they reside. The courts that appeal in place were able to litigation.

The conservative majority of the Supreme Court ruled on Friday that such comprehensive orders exceed the authority of the courts. However, the ruling also said that Trump’s executive will not come into effect for 30 days, allowing time to other legal challenges against it. It is important that the ruling did not prove the constitutionality of the same basic executive system – the fact that the opposition Judge Sonia Sotomior criticized the majority for it. In a separate opposition opinion, Judge Kitanji Brown Jackson warned that the ruling was “an existential threat to the rule of law.”

Reducing nationality is part of Trump’s broader pledge to threaten. On Thursday, US Internal Security Minister Christie Nom announced that Washington had signed deals with Guatemala and Honduras to allow them to accept asylum seekers who were deported from the United States.

LGBTQ+ Campaign. On Friday, the Hungarian Prime Minister Victor Urban warned the citizens that those who organize or attend the Budapest Pride event at the end of this week will face “legal consequences”, as the organizers face up to one year in prison and that those present may be subjected to a fine of $ 580.

Last March, the Hungary, which is controlled by the right -wing Aurban Party, issued legislation that allows the police to ban the local population from attending LGBTQ+ marches on the basis of “child protection”. The law also allows Hungarian authorities to use facial recognition programs to identify people who attend these events.

Last week, the police explicitly banned the Budapest gathering, as fidesz lawmakers argued that the country’s Christian conservative agenda replaces the people’s right to freedom of assembly. However, the Liberal Budapest Mayor Gerelie Carxon chose to pass through the event, with the support of more than 30 countries and the European Union. European Commission President Ursula von der Layen called on the Hungarian authorities this week to allow the march, and Belgium issued a new consultant to travel on Friday for those who visit Hungary.

A rare deal. US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessin announced on Friday that the United States and China had a long -term dispute over rare land shipments. According to the deal, which was signed on Wednesday, China will accelerate requests for export of controls. Beijing suspended rare delivery operations in the United States in May after Trump imposed a large number of mega tariffs on China.

As part of the agreement, Washington agreed to cancel the US -Chinese trade war by reducing its duties on Beijing as soon as the rare China shipments begin again; However, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce statement did not explicitly mention the rare land.

This deal is the result of several weeks of negotiations, as Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping were talking over the phone in early June before US and Chinese officials in London and Geneva held. Experts expect the agreement to help normalize supply chains for auto and air spacecraft companies and semiconductor manufacturers.

The White House criticized the deal as a victory, while the China Ministry of Commerce said it hopes that the two countries will be able to “continuously enhance consensus, reduce misunderstanding, enhance cooperation, and enhance participation in health, stable and sustainable development of economic and commercial relations in China.”

What in the world?

On Wednesday, the Brazil conference canceled a presidential decree for the first time in any year?

A. 1926
B. 1944
C. 1980
D. 1992

Difficulties end

Kenyan broke the Olympic Medal Vet Kibaigon the record for women for the fastest mile in the world in Paris on Thursday, and ended in 4 minutes and 6.42 seconds. Although she was ashamed to break the 4-minute standard, she surpassed her 4: 07.64’s personal record-and she surpassed most professional athletes, many of whom consider them the greatest hostility in the middle of the time. If this is still very fast so that your head does not surround it, then it takes it almost the same time (if not longer) to walk three buildings for its nearest grocery store.

The answer is …

D. 1992

The decree of President Luise Elosio Lula da Silva will increase the financial transaction tax. This was not the only controversy he faced without this week, as his government held an auction of oil drilling rights near the Amazon River’s mouth, and Catherine Ospurne reports from FP in the Latin American summary.

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