Scientists Discover Troves of New Species at the Ocean’s Deepest Depths

The Irf Casting area includes naval areas from 19700 to 36,000 feet (from 6000 to 11,000 meters) below sea level. Referring to the Greek deity of the lower world, hades, is not a coincidence – these are the deepest areas in our oceans, and one of the less exploring areas on Earth. New research sheds light on this dramatic environment and creatures it calls it to the home despite the harsh conditions.

The researchers used a sophisticated Chinese submersible called Fendouzhe to sink more than 35700 feet (10900 meters) below the sea level and collect hundreds of biological samples from the motivation area of ​​the YAP trench, the Philippine basin, and the Mariana-deepest trenching trench on the ground. Among more than 7,000 backed microbial researchers, more than 89 % was previously unknown. Their study, published on March 6 in a magazine cell, highlights the sudden diversity of one of our planet’s most.

The researchers wrote in the study: “Modernity, diversity, and unusually high homogeneity were observed in the volatile microbium, especially between the mediators and viruses, which are affected by both the broader context of extremist environmental conditions as well as sensitive terrain in the motivation area.” Their work is part of the Mariana Trench Environment and Ecology Research (Meer), which they claim provides “the first systematic view of the ecosystems in the motivation area.”

The motivation area is very pressure, temperatures close to freezing, low nutrient levels, and almost complete darkness. Simply put, “unusual environmental challenges in life,” according to researchers. However, the motive samples of the presence of 7564 microbial species, 89.4 % of them were documented for the first time. The “remarkable diversity” of samples was also reflected in the genetics of microbes, which revealed a wide range of survival strategies.

The paper is one of Meer’s studies on ecosystems of the huge area published on the same day. Another study separates how amphibians (small shrimp creatures) are flourishing in the harsh environments of the motivation area thanks to a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. The other indicates that the fish that live deeper than 1.8 miles (3 km) below the sea level, all of which have a genetic mutation that helps them to reduce the effect of cold, pressure and sunlight.

This last study also estimates when some marine creatures first descend to such depths. For example, researchers suggest that Esel colonized the deep seas about 100 million years ago, allowing them to survive the effect of the meteorite that almost eliminated dinosaurs and marine creatures that inhabited shallow water.

In general, the three studies show the existence of similar adaptive mechanisms between microorganisms and large creatures that live in the motivation area. “These results indicate the existence of adaptive adaptation strategies for the motivation environments that exceed the biological limits and biological fields,” the researchers wrote in a comment on the trio of studies. In other words, the extremist environment in the motivation area is likely to lead to non -relevant species to develop similar features.

In addition to microbes, ampibodes and fish, the researchers also faced human garbage: plastic bags, soda cans, beer bottles, and even a laundry basket, according to what they mentioned. sciences.

“This was deeply shocking,” said Yoshu Zhao, an extremist microbiologist at the University of Shanghai Jiao Tong and a co -author of the microbial study. sciences. While she and her colleagues noticed that microbes in the depths of the seas seem able to address some human pollutants, this seems to be a small consolation in the face of the imprint of humanity that reaches the deepest areas of our oceans.

Ultimately, the study provides a rare view of the exceptional diversity of the region that is believed to be without life – which explains that life always finds a way.